Using the syntactic distribution of intensional contexts in VP as well as binding properties between direct and indirect objects, the structure of double object constructions, and of double object alternations is probed in English and in French. This leads to the conclusion that such alternations are indeed underlied by deep double object structures, different from surface double object structures.
This sheds light on how to analyze frozen scope effects.
I also conclude that French (and most probably other Romance languages) does display both underlying and surface double object structures, as evidenced e.g. by binding properties between objects and frozen scope effects.