Function alternations of the Mandarin particle dou: Distributor, free choice licensor, and 'even'
Yimei Xiang
October 2019
 

Many languages have particles that possess multiple logical functions. Take the Mandarin particle dou for example. Varying by the item it is associated with and the prosodic pattern of the environment it appears in, dou can trigger a distributivity effect, license a pre-verbal free choice item, or evoke an even-like inference. Considering universal grammar a simple system, we need to figure out, for a multi-functional particle, which of its functions is primary, what parametric variations are responsible for the alternations in function, and how these variations are conditioned.

In this paper, I argue that the seemingly unrelated functions of dou share the same source: dou is a pre-exhaustification exhaustifier operating on sub-alternatives. Uniformly, dou affirms the truth of its propositional prejacent, negates the exhaustification of each sub-alternative, and presupposes a non-vacuity inference that there is at least one sub-alternative. Alternations in function result from minimal weakening operations on the semantics of sub-alternatives. In particular, sub-alternatives are primarily weaker alternatives, and the non-vacuity presupposition of dou yields a distributivity effect. When the semantics of sub-alternatives is weakened under particular syntactic or prosodic conditions, dou gains its other logical functions.
Format: [ pdf ]
Reference: lingbuzz/003598
(please use that when you cite this article)
Published in: Journal of Semantics https://doi.org/10.1093/jos/ffz018
keywords: semantics, mandarin, dou, even, logical particles, exhaustification, free choice, minimizer, alternative semantics, semantics
previous versions: v5 [May 2019]
v4 [May 2019]
v3 [February 2019]
v2 [August 2018]
v1 [July 2017]
Downloaded:1903 times

 

[ edit this article | back to article list ]